The third trimester of pregnancy is a transformative journey filled with anticipation and challenges. As the body prepares for childbirth, mothers experience profound physical, emotional, and mental changes. While this period is exciting, it is essential to remain vigilant about potential complications that could affect both mother and baby. If you (or someone you know) are a mum-to-be, or are planning to have little ones of your own in the future, read on to get some guidance and reassurance (hopefully!) to help you navigate the next crucial stages with confidence.
What to Expect in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
It is important to make sure your body gets enough rest, hydration and nutrition as you brave through these changes.
And You Can’t Forget the Emotional Changes Too!
As the ‘big day’ approaches, it’s natural to experience a mix of excitement and anxiety. On one hand, the anticipation of meeting your baby is thrilling; on the other, the responsibilities of motherhood and fear of the unknown can feel overwhelming—a completely valid and understandable reaction! These emotional shifts are entirely normal and often shared by many expectant mothers. Seeking emotional support from loved ones, joining antenatal classes, or discussing your feelings with a healthcare provider can help provide reassurance [8]. For example, connecting with other expectant mothers can foster a sense of camaraderie and help alleviate stress, reminding you that you’re not alone in this journey.
Early Signs of Pregnancy Complications and How to Handle Them
Preterm Labour
Preterm labour occurs when regular contractions begin before 37 weeks of pregnancy, potentially leading to premature birth. Symptoms include frequent contractions, pelvic pressure, and lower back pain [8]. If you experience these symptoms, rest, stay hydrated, and seek immediate medical intervention immediately to help delay delivery and improve pregnancy outcomes.
Gestational Diabetes
Elevated blood sugar levels, caused by hormonal changes, can lead to excessive thirst, fatigue, and blurred vision. Proper management includes blood sugar monitoring, dietary adjustments, and possibly insulin therapy to prevent complications like preterm birth or preeclampsia [2].
Preeclampsia
Characterised by high blood pressure and symptoms such as severe headaches, vision changes, and swelling, preeclampsia can cause restricted blood flow to the baby and damage maternal organs [10]. Immediate medical attention is essential to prevent complications like eclampsia (seizures during pregnancy). Regular antenatal check-ups play a crucial role in detecting this condition early.
Reduced Foetal Movement
A decrease in foetal movement can indicate distress [11, 12]. Normal movements typically consist of at least 10 movements in two hours [13]. To stimulate movement, try lying on your side and drinking something cold [13]. Contact your healthcare provider promptly if concerns persist.
Pregnancy and labour is a journey that is unique to each mother. Prepare well in advance for your ‘big day’ by discussing pain management options, birth plans and other preparations with your obstetrician and birth partner.
Postpartum Period – The Hardest Part is Over, Right?
Although the baby is out of you, you may not be out of the woods entirely. Preparing for potential postpartum complications is always better than reacting to it. Here’s some common complications to look out for to ensure a smoother transition into motherhood:
Postpartum Depression (PPD)
Postpartum depression affects approximately 14% of new mothers [14]. Symptoms include persistent sadness, feelings of inadequacy, and difficulty bonding with the baby [15]. Early intervention through therapy and medication can prevent long-term effects and support a positive transition into motherhood.
Postpartum Anxiety
Often underdiagnosed, postpartum anxiety affects up to 17% of mothers and is characterised by excessive worry about the baby’s health [16]. It can impact daily functioning but is treatable with mindfulness techniques, therapy, and support networks.
Stress and Sleep Deprivation
Sleep deprivation in the postpartum period can exacerbate stress and impact mental health. Accepting help from loved ones for tasks like preparing meals and chores is crucial to allow the mother adequate rest [15].
Postpartum Care Tips for Healthy Recovery
Get Enough Rest
Rest is essential for recovery [17]. Lie flat on your back for at least 30 minutes twice a day to minimise discomfort, reduce swelling and ease pelvic floor and lower abdominal pressure [18]. Sleep when the baby sleeps, and accept help with chores to conserve energy for caring for your newborn.
Stay Active
Light postpartum exercises, such as walking, stretching or pelvic floor exercises, can begin within the first week, provided there is no increase in pain [19]. This can help improve circulation and help rebuild strength [18]. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any exercise regimen.
Maintain a Balanced Diet
Eating nutrient-rich foods is vital for recovery and energy. Focus on leafy greens, lean proteins such as chicken or fish, and whole grains. Foods high in iron, like spinach and lentils, can help replenish blood loss during delivery [18]. Staying hydrated is equally essential, especially when breastfeeding [1].
Seek Emotional Support
Strong emotional support can greatly enhance a mother’s wellbeing and positively impact bonding with the baby [8]. For example, joining a parent group can provide a sense of community, while open conversations with loved ones can offer comfort. Research shows that mothers with robust support systems are less likely to experience postpartum depression and anxiety, underscoring the importance of fostering these connections [20].
You’re Not Alone, You’ve Got a ‘Village’ Supporting You
The journey from the third trimester to postpartum is transformative, filled with joy and challenges. By understanding what to expect, recognising potential complications, and seeking timely support, mothers can navigate this period with confidence. It truly takes a village to raise a child, and you are never alone. Lean on your support network of family, friends, and healthcare providers, who are there to help ensure a positive and fulfilling experience for both you and your baby.
References:
[1] The third trimester. (2019). John Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/the-third-trimester
[2] Soma-Pillay, P., Nelson-Piercy, C., Tolppanen, H., & Mebazaa, A. (2016). Physiological Changes in Pregnancy. Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 27(2), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.5830/cvja-2016-021
[3] La Verde, M., Riemma, G., Torella, M., Torre, C., Cianci, S., Conte, A., Capristo, C., Morlando, M., Colacurci, N., & De Franciscis, P. (2021). Impact of Braxton-Hicks contractions on fetal wellbeing; a prospective analysis through computerised cardiotocography. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 42(4), 569–573. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2021.1929115
[4] Akkoca, A. N., Ozdemir, Z. T., Kurt, R., Sen, B., Yengil, E., Karatepe, C., Karapınar, O., Ozer, C., Ayse, N., Akkoca, Z., Ozdemir, R., Kurt, Bilge, B., Sen, E., Yengil, C., Karatepe, O., & Karapınar, C. (2014). The Physiological Changes in Pregnancy and their Distribution According to Trimester. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 2(6), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20140206.12
[5] Your third trimester guide. (n.d.). UNICEF Parenting; UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/parenting/pregnancy-milestones/third-trimester
[6] Brown, S. J., Donath, S., MacArthur, C., McDonald, E. A., & Krastev, A. H. (2010). Urinary incontinence in nulliparous women before and during pregnancy: prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors. International Urogynecology Journal, 21(2), 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-009-1011-x
[7] The third trimester. (2024). Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/third-trimester
[8] Lunda, P., Minnie, C. S., & Benadé, P. (2018). Women’s experiences of continuous support during childbirth: a meta-synthesis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-018-1755-8
[9] Saltovsky, A. V. (2021). International Scientific Interdisciplinary Conference ISIC – 2021. Kharkiv National Medical University. https://repo.knmu.edu.ua/server/api/core/bitstreams/eba52fc0-7509-44be-9f98-7b3ea7888486/content
[10] Aktar, K., & Khanum, H. (2021). Prevalance of Pre-Eclampsia and Factors Responsible among Third Trimester Pregnant Women in Hospital of Dhaka. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 33(4). https://doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2021.33.005445
[11] Carroll, L., Gallagher, L., & Smith, V. (2019). Risk factors for reduced fetal movements in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 243, 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.09.028
[12] Linde, A., Georgsson, S., Pettersson, K., Holmström, S., Norberg, E., & Rådestad, I. (2016). Fetal movement in late pregnancy – a content analysis of women’s experiences of how their unborn baby moved less or differently. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(127). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-016-0922-z
[13] Franks, Z., & Nightingale, R. (2014). Decreased fetal movements: a practical approach in a primary care setting. Australian Family Physician, 43(11). https://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2014/november/decreased-fetal-movements-a-practical-approach-in
[14] Liu, X., Wang, S., & Wang, G. (2021). Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Women: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 31(19-20), 2665–2677. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.16121
[15] Matlock, A. J. (2024). Exploring Postpartum Care: A Guide For Mothers . Occupational Therapy Capstones. , 611. https://commons.und.edu/ot-grad/611
[16] Zappas, M. P., Becker, K., & Walton-Moss, B. (2020). Postpartum Anxiety. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.08.017
[17] Postpartum Care. (n.d.). Medline Plus; National Library of Medicine. https://medlineplus.gov/postpartumcare.html
[18] Improving your recovery after birth. (2019). In The Women’s. The Royal Women’s Hospital. https://thewomens.r.worldssl.net/images/uploads/fact-sheets/Improving-your-recovery-after-birth-240219.pdf
[19] Exercise After Pregnancy. (2022). ACOG; American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/exercise-after-pregnancy
[20] Inekwe, J. N., & Lee, E. (2022). Perceived social support on postpartum mental health: An instrumental variable analysis. PLoS ONE, 17(5), 1–19. https://doiorg.ezproxylr.med.und.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0265941